The Order of the Household

THE ORDER OF Hovsholde, methodicallie described out of the word of God, with the contrarie abuses found in the world.

THE order of an houshold called oeconomia, it is an order for the government of an houshold according to the word of God (1 Timothy 4). Which governes his house well and excellently. Psalm 10:1: I will walk in the perfect way, in the uprightness of my soul in the midst of my house. Which declares, there is a perfect way which comes from God only, as all perfection does; wherein is required the uprightness of one's soul, and whereof he sets down some part afterward. Proverbs 24:3-4: By wisdom the house is built, and established by understanding, and by knowledge, the rooms shall be filled with all precious and pleasant substance.

Now the wisdom meant in this book is, that which is allowed of God's word: especially when he joined such blessing to it.

The houshold order has 2 parts. The first, of those which concern the governors of the family. The second, of those which are governed in the same.

1 Timothy 5:8: If one care not for his own, especially those of his house — which shows an especial rule of mutual duty between these two. Also the wisdom of the holy Ghost, in setting down mutual duties to them: Proverbs 31; Ephesians 6:2: Honor your father and your Mother, which is the first commandment, with promise. 3 That it may be well with you, and that you may live long on earth. 4 And you Fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, but bring them up in instruction and information of the Lord. 5 Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and humbling, in singleness of your hearts, as to Christ. 6 Not with service to the eye, as men pleasers, but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart (Colossians 4:20-24).

Those which govern the family, are those superiors who have authority in the same. Their general and common duty is, to order their house according to the former rule. Yet one may (being urged by the great care of a Magistracy, or for such like) have a steward, that is, one to govern his houshold, according to the rules he prescribes. Contrary to this, is the common and whole casting off of this care, unless in worldly matters. The first part of this rule is proved by these places: I will have the younger woman to marry, and govern their houshold (1 Timothy 5); If one rule not his houshold well, how shall he care for the Church (1 Timothy 3:5); the example of David (Psalm 101:4); Solomon's mother (Proverbs 31:1-3).

The second part of this rule, is proved by the example of Abraham, who had his elder servant in his house, who was over all that he had, and to whom he committed the weighty duty of providing a wife for his son. Genesis 24:2-4: Then Abraham spoke to the elder servant of his houshold, which was over all that he had, saying: Put now your hand under my thigh. 3 That I may bind you with an oath, by the Lord God of heaven, and God of the earth, that you will not take a wife to my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell. 4 But that you will go to my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife for my son Isaac. So Joseph in Potiphar's house.

This government must be performed with all comeliness fit for the houshold, which is, that agreeable fitness or convenience, which worthily becomes the diversity of persons in the family; as superiors, inferiors, equals: of sex, male, female: of age, childhood, youth, ripe age, old years: of matters, as some concerning God, some man: of time, the day, the night. For all these have not one and the same rule of decency: therefore the Apostle says: Which rules his house, which keeps his children in subjection, with all comeliness (1 Timothy 3:4). Now as there is comeliness peculiar to the subjection of children, so of servants: and as there is comeliness for subjection, so for equality: and as for behavior of those of the house, so to those not of the house, and so likewise in all other the former respects, as shall appear by the shining light or eye of this general rule in every part of houshold government.

Of the duties of ordering the houshold, by the chief of the same. There are two sorts: the first, regards those in the houshold. The other, strangers or guests, coming into the same.

1 Timothy 5:10: If she have brought up her children well: if she have been given to hospitality. Job 31:31: If the men of my tent have not said: O that some would give us of this flesh, we are not satisfied, because the stranger did not lodge abroad; I opened my doors to the wayfaring man. So he caused his servants to give place to strangers, which shows this diversity of duties.

Now both of these are in regard of Christian holiness. The things of this life.

Pro. 31:15. She openeth her mouth in wisdom, and the doctrin of mercy is on her tongue. And rising while it is yet night, she giveth meat to her house, and a taske to her maides. And Exod. 18:5. And Iethro the father in law of Mosche, comming with his children, and with his wife to Mosche, into that desert where hee had placed his tents; to wit, to the mount of God. 6. He said to Mosche: I your father in lawe Iethro, do come to you: also your wife and her two sonnes with her. 7 Then Mosche went foorth to meet his father in law, and bowing himselfe, hee kissed him, and they asked one another of his welfare: afterterward, they went into his Tent. 8 Where Mosche declaring to his father in lawe, whatever things the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Aegyptians for Israell: and al the troubles which had happened to them in that way, from where the Lord had delivered them. 9 Iethro rejoiced for all those benefits which the Lord had done to Israel, because he had delivered them out of the hands of the Egyptians. 10 And Iethro said: Blessed be the Lord God, which has delivered you out of the hands of the Aegyptians, and out of the hands of Pharaoh: Which has delivered his people from under the hands of the Aegyptians. 11 Now I know that the Lorde is greater than all goddes: for in that thing wherein they wer proud, he is aboue them. 12 Therefore Iethro the father in law of Mosche, tooke and offered sacrifices, and a burnt offering to God, and Aaron and all the Elders of Israel, came to eat meat with Iethro, Mosche his father in lawe before God. 13 And it came to passe the next day, Mosche sitting to judge the people, when as the people stood about Mosche from the morning of that day to the evening. 14 That the Father in law of Mosche beheld all that he did to the people, and said: What is this that you do to this people? Why sittest you alone, and al the people stand before you, from the morning to the evening? 15 Then Mosche said to his father in law: Because this people come to me to aske counsell at God. 16 When there is any busines between them, everie one commeth to mee, that I may judge between both, and I make knowne the Statutes of God and his lawes. 17 But Iethro his father in law said: the thing is not good which you do. 18 You will altogether faint, both you, and the people that is with you, for this thing is too heavie for you, you can not performe it alone.

And this ariseth from a double respect: the commoditie they receive, and the dutie they owe to the common state wherein they are: that as they have of their children, servants, guests, not onelie bodilie service and friendship, but that which is of conscience, and commeth from their faith and religion, and their praier, and the blessing in them (Matthew 10:41), so they must give them this double recompence.

Also to the common state, they are bound by covenant, not onely as much as in them lieth, by their houshold government, to further the peace and tranquillity of the common wealth, but also of religion and true holinesse (2 Kings 11:17). Contrarie to this is, their best care, to be most exquisit in the latter, and altogether negligent in the former, which is the chiefest: So that their administration of houshold matters, is altogether civill, not religious.

For the familie, the dutie which regardeth them is, to keepe them in subjection, for the performance of al duties of holines and religion, and for the diligent performance of those woorks and labors, which are fit for everie one.

1 Timothy 3:4. Which may governe well his house, which may keepe his children in subjection, with all honestie. 1 Timothy 3. If any be vnblameable, the husbande of one wife, having faithfull children, which are not slaundered of riot, either stubborne. Psalm 101:1. I will sing mercie and judgment to you ô Lord, will I sing. 2 I wil mark (in an vpright way) when you shall come to me, I wil continuallie walk in the soundnesse of my mind, in the middest of mine house. 3 I will not set before mine eies a wicked thing: I have hated the workes of them that decline, it shall not cleaue to me. 4 A froward minde shal depart from me: I will not acknowledge evill. 5 The tongue that privilie hurteth his neighbor I will cut out: him that is proud in his eies, and swelling in his mind, I shal not be able to suffer. 6 Mine eies shall waite upon the faithfull of the land, that they may abide with me: He that walketh in the sounde way, shall minister to me. 8 The deceitfull man shall not dwell within mine house; he that telleth lies, shall not be established before mine eies.

Now for the performance of this general duetie, two sorts are required: which are, Such as wher they most commonly go before them and direct them. Such as they must performe to them.

Gen. 35:2. Wherfore Iacob gaue commandement to his familie, and to all that were with him: Put away the goddes of the people, which are among you, and cleanse your selues, changing your garments. 3 Afterward arising let vs ascend to Bethel, that there I may make an Altar to that strong God, which heard me in the day of my distresse, and was present with me in the way wherein I went. 4 Which when they had given to Iacob all the gods of the strange people which were in their hands, and the earings which were in their eares: Iacob hid them under that Oke which is beside Shechem.

Where we see, that Iacob does both instruct them what to doe, and in the dooing of these things directeth them.

Such as wherein they must only go before them and direct them, are those which only ought to be done jointly of the whole family, and then the superiors must be there, the chief directors of them: otherwise, when they are absent, they must cause them to be done, as in prayer before and after their labor, in thanksgiving, before and after meat. [James 5:13. Is any among you sick in mind? Let him pray. Is any man cheerful? Let him sing. Psalm 127. Unless the Lord build the house, their labor is but lost that build it: Unless the Lord keep the city, the keeper is diligent in vain. 2. Let them be in vain to you, which rise betimes, which sit down slowly, which are fed with the meat of sorrows, so he gives sleep to his beloved. Psalm 55:18. In the evening and morning, and at noon days, will I meditate and make a noise, until he has heard my voice. 1 Timothy 4:4. For whatever God has created is good, neither is any thing to be refused, if it be taken with thanksgiving. Luke 22:17. And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, take this, and divide it among you. So Abraham's servant said (Genesis 24:12), O Lord God of my master Abraham, cause I beseech you, that it come to me this day, and exercise this goodness towards my master Abraham. 48. And I bowed down and worshipped the Lord, and blessed the Lord God of my master Abraham, because he had brought me by the right way, to take my master's brother's daughter for his son.] And upon any great judgment on the family, Church or commonwealth, to direct them in fastings and prayers, with readings, meditations, and use of the word, as may serve to give especial cause of humbling, and especial cause fit of comfort for that work. [Esther 4:16. Go gather together all the Jews which are at Susa, and fast for me, and neither eat nor drink those three days, night nor day: I likewise and my maids will fast: so at length, I will go in to the King, which is not according to the commandment: and when I shall perish, I will perish. Nehemiah 1:4. And it came to pass, when I heard these words, I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, in which I fasted and prayed before the God of heaven. 5. And I said: I beseech you, O Lord God of heaven, most strong God, greatest, and chiefly to be feared: Keeping covenant and mercy, to them that love him and keep his commandments. 6. Let your ear be attentive, and your eyes be open, to hearken to the prayer of your servant, which I pray before you at this time, day and night, for the Israelites your servants: and I confess the sins of the Israelites, wherewith we have sinned against you: I also, and the house of my fathers, etc.] For as it is their duty, in their own private fast to do this by themselves, so to direct others in the same, when they do it with them. Contrary to this, is the unchristian profaneness in such cases: Also the unchristian shamefastness of some, and common negligence in others in these duties.

Such as they must perform to them, are duties of Instruction. Reforming.

[Proverbs 13:24. He which keeps back his rod, hates his son, but he which loves him, does give him instructions betimes. Proverbs 15:32. He which withdraws himself from instruction, despises his soul: but he that hearkens to rebuke, possesses his soul.]

The duties of instruction are, that by a familiar and most plain manner of teaching, they may grow in the knowledge of that truth which is according to godliness. [Genesis 18:19. When as I have known him, should I not reveal it for this cause, that he may command his children and household after him, that they may keep the way of the Lord, by exercising righteousness and judgment, and that the Lord may perform to Abraham, that which he has promised to him. Genesis 14:14. When Abraham had heard that his kinsman was taken, he armed his men, instructed 318, and followed them to Dan. Deuteronomy 20.] They are for continual daily instruction. That which respects the public ministry.

Exodus 12:25-26. Let it be therefore, when you shall come into the land which the Lord shall give to you, as he has said, and shall observe this worship. Let it be (I say) when your children ask you: what signifies this worship to you? that you say it is the Sacrifice, the passover of the Lord, who passing by the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he slew the Egyptians, he delivered our families. Exodus 13:14. And let it be when your son shall ask you hereafter, saying, what means this? that you say to him, with a strong hand has the Lord brought us out of Egypt, out of the house of servants. For it came to pass when Pharaoh showed himself cruel in letting us go, that the Lord slew every firstborn of men, to the firstborn of beasts. Therefore I kill to the Lord, the males of all that open the womb: but every firstborn of my children I redeem.]

Duties for daily instruction, are Instruction out of the Scriptures. Instruction drawn from God's works.

[Psalm 87:1. Receive with your ears (my people) my doctrine, incline your ear to the words of my mouth. 2. I will open my mouth in a parable, I will pour forth hid things, which have been of old time. 3. Which we have heard and known, as our Elders have told to us. 4. We will not hide it from their children, the after generation. 5. Being about to declare the praises of the Lord, his might, and his wonders which he has done. For he has set a testimony in Jacob, and put a law in Israel: which he commanded our Elders to make known to their children. 6. That the after generation, the sons which should be born, rising up, might declare it to their sons. 7. And they may set their hope on God, nor might forget the works of the strong God: but keep his commandments. 8. Nor that they be not as their elders, a stubborn and rebellious generation: a generation which has not prepared their mind, and whose spirit was not constant towards the strong God.]

Instruction out of the scripture, is by the daily reading of the same with them, both to make them acquainted with the course of them, so that they may mark the same for their better profiting, by the allegations of the public ministry, also to refer those things which are plain and easy, or which they have learned from the public ministry, to such plain instruction as they instructed, may understand and know how to bring it in use. (2 Timothy 3:15. You have known the Scriptures from a child) which can not be spoken of a thorough knowledge, no not such as belongs to the old men, who should be sound in faith: much less such as belongs to a minister: but such as this, in being made acquainted with it, and caused to mark as he was able, the course of it, and to learn for use and practice, such as his parents were able to note to him, and he fit to receive by daily practice (Deuteronomy 6:6. And let these words which I command you this day, be in your heart. 7 And put them piercingly into your children, and speak of them, when you sit in your house, when you walk by any way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. 8 Also, bind them for a sign upon your hand, and let them be for frontlets between your eyes. 9 Briefly, write them on the posts of your house, and on your gates.)

Contrary to this is, first, that they are utterly negligent and ignorant how they should do this: Then, that some presume above this rule, and go beyond their calling: and especially that their household is not trained by this means, nor made fit for the public ministry, and to amend their lives by such Christian exercises.

Instruction drawn from God's works is, by applying the works of God, past or present, to move them the better to confidence, and trust in God, by works of his mercy: to fear to offend God: by works of his justice, and so to sow the very seed of true religion and good conscience in them. (Genesis 18:19. When as I have known him, should I not reveal it? For this cause, that he may command his children and household after him, that they keep the way of the Lord, by exercising justice and judgment, that the Lord may perform to Abraham, that which he has promised to him.)

The duty which respects the public ministry, is

Double, First, concerning the obeying of it. The second concerning the use of it.

First concerning the obeying of it, they must (if it be possible) in their place and calling, adjoin them to a set ministry, if not, to bestow at least the Sabbath days, yes, other also, in seeking to the ministers and prophets of God, to hear the word of God. This is manifest, first: Because we must first seek the kingdom of God; whereof this is a part, (Isaiah 32:1. Behold, a king shall rule justly, and excellent ones shall govern according to the rule: the eyes of them who see shall not wink, but the ears of them who hear, shall hearken: the mind of the hasty shall understand knowledge, and the tongue of the stutterer, shall readily speak shining things. When Saviors, to wit, ministers of the doctrine of salvation, shall ascend in the mountain of the Lord, to judge the mountain of Esau, the kingdom shall be to the Lord. Obadiah 21. Diverse administrations, but one Lord. 1 Corinthians 12. We are the Ambassadors of Christ, to beseech you to be reconciled. 2 Corinthians 5. Secondly, it is the ordinary means to beget and nourish faith in us. How can they believe, except they hear: how can they hear, without a Preacher: how can he preach without he be sent? Romans 10. He has given Pastors and Doctors, for the gathering together of the church the work of the ministry, and building them up to a perfect age in Christ, that they be not as children wavering, and carried about with every wind of doctrine. Ephesians 4. Attend to reading, exhortation and doctrine; in these continue, in these things be, for in so doing, you shall save yourself and others. 1 Timothy 4.)

Secondly, because it is the greatest blessing to have it, and the greatest plague to want it. Jeremiah 23, having threatened them that they feed not the people, he says after, [I will gather the rest of my sheep out of all the land whither I had driven them, and I will bring them back to their sheepcots, where they shall multiply and increase, and I will set over them Pastors, which shall feed them: so that they shall fear no more nor shall be wanting, says the Lord. Jeremiah 3. I will bring you to Sion, where I will give you Pastors after my heart, who shall feed you with knowledge and understanding. God will give you indeed the bread of affliction and water of oppression, but none of my teachers shall be shut up any more in a corner, but your eyes shall see your teachers, and your ears shall hear a voice behind us, saying, Here is the way, walk in it (Isaiah 30:20). A famine of bread, nor a thirst of water, but hearing the word of the Lord, &c. Matthew 8. But when he saw the multitude, he had compassion on them, because they were dispersed and scattered abroad as sheep having no Shepherd; Then he said, Surely the harvest is great, but the labourers few, &c.] Which shows how miserable they are which want this benefit: it allows also this duty of seeking. 2 Kings 4:22. And he said, therefore will you go to him (meaning the Prophet) to day? It is neither new Moon nor Sabbath day. Which shows, that in the scarcity of the preaching ministry, they went on those days to the Prophets to hear the word of God. The second duty is, to cause them to do that which is commanded them in the third Commandment to that purpose. Which, although it be not proper to this place yet for the simpler sort, it is thus set down. First, to prepare themselves to the preaching of the word, by consideration of God's ordinance and promise, and their corruption: so that laying aside all superfluity of evil, that they may with all meekness receive the word (James 1:17). Luke 8:8. Take heed therefore how you hear: for whoever has, it shall be given to him, and whoever has not, even that which he seems to have, shall be taken from him. And for the Sacraments, to consider God's institution, their ministry, his mercy in Christ, their faith, their repentance and their wants: and so seeking the assurance of grace, of reconciliation and comfort, to come to the table of the Lord. [1 Corinthians 11:28. But let every one prove himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. Isaiah 1:16. Wash yourselves, purify yourselves, put away the wickedness of your actions, and cease to do evil before my eyes. Isaiah 66:2. But upon him do I look that is poor and contrite in spirit, and trembles at my words. Matthew 5:23. Therefore if you have brought your gift to the altar, and there remember that your brother has ought against you. 24 Leave there your gift before the altar, and go your ways: First, be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.]

Secondly, in the works themselves, with reverence and understanding to hear and receive the word, to be touched according to the matter, and with joy and assurance of faith receive solace and increase of grace, by the right use of the Sacraments; and after, to call to mind and try by the Scripture things delivered, and so hold fast the good, and to apply the comfort of the sacraments to all temptations afterward. [Psalm 78:2. Hear my doctrine, O my people, incline your ear to the words of my mouth. Nehemiah 8:10. After Nehemiah (to wit, the King's Ambassador) and Ezra the Priest and Scribe, and the Levites teaching the people, said to all the people: This is the day sanctified to the Lord your God: mourn not, neither weep (for all the people wept when they heard the words of the Law). 1 Thessalonians 1:5. Because our Gospel abode with you, not in speech only, but also in power: both in the holy Ghost, as also with much sure persuasion, as you have known what manner of men we have been among you for your sakes. Matthew 26. And when they had sung a Psalm, they went out into the mount Olivet. 1 Thessalonians 5:20. Quench not the Spirit: Set not light by preaching: Try all things: Hold fast that which is good.]

For obedience of life, it behooveth them to teach them, call on them, and see them do this which they learn, that the public ministry, and private use of the word be not contemned, neglected, unprofitable to them, and so God provoked, not only against their family, but also the Church of which they are. Contrary to this is, that men both themselves and their families go to the public ministry, as to a common matter, let it fall after to the ground, without any looking into the certainty of doctrine, the power and practice of it; and some with the ministry of the word become worse, both they and their households, than those which never heard it. [Exodus 13:1. And declare to your son in that day, saying: For this has the Lord done these things to me, when I went out of Egypt. 9 So shall it be to you for a sign upon your hand, and for a monument between your eyes, that the doctrine of the Lord may be in your mouth: to wit, that the Lord with a strong hand brought you out of Egypt.] Which with the rest of the law shows, that at those times this must be done, and that so throughly, that this work by this means, may be a lively sign, and the doctrine be so understood, that it may more fruitfully and lively be communicated by conference one to another. Also [Acts 10:24. And the other day after, they entered into Caesarea. And Cornelius waited for them, having gathered together his kinsmen and special friends. Nehemiah 8:13. And all the people came to eat and drink, and to send portions, and to make great joy, because they understood those words which they had made known to them. 1 Kings 13:31. And it came to pass, after they had buried him; that he gave commandment to his sons, saying; When I shall be dead, bury me likewise in the sepulchre, in the which that man of God is buried: place my bones besides his bones. 33. For surely the things which he has foreshewed by the word of the Lord, against the altar which is at Bethel, and against all the high places which are in the cities of Samaria, shall come to pass. Job 1:5 After it came to pass, when they had finished the days of the banquet, that Job sent and sanctified them, and rising early, he offered a sacrifice according to the number of them all. For Job said, Peradventure my sons have sinned, or cursed God in their heart. So Job did every of those days.] Which shows, he called on them to do their duties, in sanctifying themselves and their families, and preparing them according to the manner prescribed.

The duties in reforming, are those duties whereby they must labor to reform every thing amiss, which is espied, for God's glory and their good, and lest it creep further. Contrary to this is, that many corruptions are not accounted of, that they are winked at.

[Job 1:5 Psalm 101:3-5. I will not set before my eyes a wicked thing, I hate the works of those that decline, it shall not cleave to me. A froward mind shall depart from me: I will not acknowledge evil. That tongue that privily hurts his neighbor, I will cut out: Him that is proud in look, and swelling in mind I cannot suffer] The rule of this must be the meaning of the ten commandments, which because it is necessary for the simple, though not so proper for this place, it is briefly set down. They shall suffer none in their house unreformed: which either in judgment is known to err from the truth of the word of God, or in manners, from the practice of the same. But if any delight in the ignorance of God, be careless to approve himself as one that wholly depends on him, loves him, fears him, reverences him, labors to approve all his ways before him: if any be given to idolatry, superstition, etc. and cares not in every part of the worship of God, to follow his revealed will: or if in any the parts commanded, he appear negligent and cold. Or to put them to any other use than is commanded, or be given to images, superstitious monuments, customs, occasions, or such like. If any dishonor the name of God, either in the irreverent using, or abusing, or perverting, and not using with that preparation before, feeling at the present time, and fruit after which is prescribed, his titles, Word, Sacraments, works. And if any profane his Sabbath, by vain pastimes, going to plays, or give not himself to the exercises appointed on that day, out of the word. If any neglect especial duties towards their equals, superior or inferior in years, gifts, authority, as masters, parents, ministers, servants, children or people. If any declare not a conscience to fly evil, anger, malice, contention, quarreling, fighting, or any hurting of the person of a man, either in soul or body: not being careful to succor the same according to his calling. If any be found unchaste, in body, words, countenance or gesture: intemperate in diet, in apparel dissolute, not caring to maintain the contrary holiness in himself and others. If any care not for the goods of another man, but by falsehood, flattery, oppression, etc. diminish the same. If he be negligent in increasing of his own, by honest and lawful means: if he misspend it at cards, dice, gaming, etc. If any care not to maintain the good name of others, but be given to unnecessary blazing of other men's infirmities, by lying, slandering, backbiting, taunting, etc. If any show himself careless to restrain the motions, and enticements to sin, and the lusts of the same: then they shall use the means following to redress them.

The duties which are to be applied to this rule, are these: those which they must do by themselves; those which they must procure to be done by others.

[James 5:15. And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up: and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him:] As this must be done for him in sickness, so in health: and as in this, so in any other of the like nature.

The duties they must do by themselves, must have two properties: they must be done with wisdom, fit for those duties. Patience fit.

Wisdom is, that the causes may be thoroughly sifted, and soundly reproved out of the word of God. According to this wisdom also, until a fitter occasion, this duty may be let pass, and with keeping the authority of the chief of the family, be winked at for a time. (Ecclesiastes 7:21. Apply not your mind to all the words that are spoken, seeing you ought not to hear your servant cursing you. 22. For also, many times your mind is privy that you have cursed others. Proverbs 20:21. He which brings up his servants delicately, shall in the end be deprived of his children.)

Patience fit for it is, with keeping the authority of the chief of the family, to hear what can be alleged, and by equity also, to allow or disallow the same. Contrary to which is, hastiness without discretion, and making the matter plain, that the conscience may be touched for the fault. Also pride not to hear any excuse or defense delivered in duty, submission and obedience of child or servant. Finally bitterness, which may provoke wrath rather than cause amendment (Colossians 3:21. Fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, lest they be discouraged. Job 31:13. If I contemned the cause of my servant or mine handmaid when they pleaded with me. 14. For what should I do, if the strong God should rise? or if he should visit, what should I answer him? Numbers 22:26. After the Angel of the Lord went forward, and stood in a narrow place, where there was no place to decline, either to the right hand or to the left. 27. And when the Ass seeing the Angel of the Lord God, lay down under Balaam, Balaam being kindled with wrath, smote the Ass with his staff. 28. And the Lord opened the mouth of the Ass, which said to Balaam: what have I done to you, that you have smitten me now three times? Balaam said to the Ass, because you have mocked me. I would there were a sword in my hand, for even now would I kill you. Ephesians 6. And you masters do the same things towards them, letting pass threatenings: knowing also that your master is in heaven, neither that there is respect of persons with him.)

And these are the properties of those duties. The diverse sorts are, rebuke and correction.

(Proverbs 22:15. The foolishness which is bound to the heart of a child, the rod of instruction will remove far from him. Proverbs 23:13. Withdraw not correction from your son, when as you shall strike him with the rod, he shall not die thereof. 14. Strike him with the rod, and you shall deliver his soul from the grave. Proverbs 20:30. Horscombes are for the evil man, blueness, wounds, and stripes, piercing through the inner parts of the belly. Proverbs 29:15. The rod and rebuke gives wisdom, but the child let alone to himself, shames his mother.)

Rebuke is a sharp admonition to take heed of the evil reproved aright, as is gathered out of that before.

Correction is, when with a sharp rebuke of instruction, punishment is inflicted or laid upon the offender, according to their discretion, consideration being had of the fault, and all circumstances of the same. Yet if this at any time, for some causes, be omitted, a greater is to be threatened and performed, when they shall next deserve the same. (Proverbs 19:19. Be you great in the fervency of anger, in forgiving the fault, saying, that if you shall deliver him, you will further punish him afterward.) Contrary to this, is too much lenity, also immoderate correction. (Proverbs 19. The rod and rebuke gives wisdom, but a son permitted to himself, shamed his mother. Proverbs 29:16. Chastise your child, and he shall bring you rest, he shall delight your soul. Proverbs 29:19. A servant is not chastised with words, &c.)

That which they must procure to be done by other, is, that when the former means will not serve, they do according to Saint James his rule, send for the elders of the Church, that they may by new admonitions, rebukes, and censures of the Church, draw them to repentance: and if that serve not, to bring them to the Magistrate, and so (those which they may) to discharge them from the family, unless they amend: and those which they may not, to keep them in such order, till God or the commonwealth cut them off. James 5:15. And the prayer of faith shall save the sick: and the Lord shall raise him up: and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him. Matthew 18:16. But if he shall not hear you, take yet with you, one or two, that of the mouth of two or three witnesses, the whole matter may be confirmed. Deuteronomy 21:18. If any man shall have a stubborn and rebellious son, which hearkens not to the voice of his father, nor to the voice of his mother, although they have chastised him, yet he hearkens not to them. 19. At length his father and his mother taking him, let them bring him to the Elders of their City, and to the gate of their place: 20. And let them say to the elders of their City: This our son is stubborn and rebellious, he hearkens not to our voice, he is a riotous person, and a drunkard. 21. Then let all the citizens overwhelm him with stones, that he may die, and take away that evil out of the midst of you, that all the Israelites may hear and fear. Psalm 101:7. He that works deceit, shall not dwell within mine house: he that speaks lies shall not be established before mine eyes.

And here to of the first sort of duties concerning Christian holiness in the family.

The other, concerning the things of this life, is, conveniently to provide the necessary things of this life, as that they have convenient clothing, food, rest, and (if on certain causes need be) recreation (1 Timothy 5:8. But if any man provide not for his, and especially those of his house, he has denied his faith, and is worse than an infidel. Proverbs 31:21. She fears not for her family because of the snow, for all her family is clothed with double cloaks. Proverbs 12:9. The just man regards the life of his beast, but the compassions of the wicked, are the compassions of the cruel.)

And then much more the master must care for the servants, that they may have even that refreshing and ease which is meet. And thus much for the general duties, and of their special duties toward those which shall be continually, or ordinarily under their government in the family.

Now follows the other, which is the entertainment of strangers: whose property is, the love of entertaining of guests. (1 Timothy 3:2. Therefore a Bishop must be unreproachable, the husband of one wife, watching, sober, modest, given to hospitality, &c. Hebrews 13:2. Be not unmindful of entertaining guests: for hereby certain unawares have entertained Angels. 1 Peter. Be harborous one towards another, without grudging.)

The first duty required of this work is, a liberal and cheerful ministering of protection and all things which serve for the necessity and comfort of this life, as is meet for the ability of them which receive, and the condition of those who are received. [Gen. 18:2. For when lifting up his eyes he looked, behold three men stood before him, whom while he saw, he runs to meet them from the door of the tent, and bowed himself to the earth. And he said: My Lord: If now I have found favor in your eyes, pass not I pray you from your servant. 4 Let there now be taken a little water, and wash your feet, and sit down under this tree. 5 In the mean time, I will take and bring a morsel of bread, and refresh your heart, afterward you shall go forward, seeing for this cause you pass by your servant: which said: Do so as you have spoken. 6 Therefore Abraham going hastily into the tent to Sara, said: Make ready at once three measures of corn: Take fine meal, knead it, and make cakes baked under the ashes. 7 But Abraham running to the herd, took a sucking calf, tender and good, and gave it to a servant, which made haste to prepare it. 8 Therefore taking butter and milk, and the calf which he had prepared, he set them before them, who did eat, he standing by them under the same tree. Gen. 19:1. And those two Angels coming to Sodom in the evening. Lot sat at the gate of Sodom: whom when Lot saw, he rising went to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the ground. 2 And he said: Behold now my Lords, turn I pray you into the house of your servant, and wash your feet, after rising in the morning, you shall go your way. Which said: Not so, we pray you, for we can lodge all night in the streets. 3 But when he was instant upon them exceedingly, they turning to him, entered into his house: which made them a banquet and did bake unleavened bread, and they did eat. 1 Timothy 5:10. Being decked with a fit testimony in good works, if she have brought up her children, if she have been harberous, if she have washed the saints' feet, if she have succored the afflicted, if she have followed every good work diligently.]

The other is, as occasion serves, mutually to edify one another, by calling to mind God's works, mutual instructions and exhortations: Also by bringing them to the public service of God, and causing them to keep with them the Sabbath, as appears by the example above (Romans 1:10): Always in my prayers beseeching, that (if by any means) at length a prosperous journey by the will of God might be given me to come to you. 11. For I long to see you, that I might impart to you a spiritual gift, that you may be established.

Contrary to this, is niggardliness, such as was in Nabal, in receiving of guests. Also suffering God to be dishonored, his word or Sabbath neglected, or any such abuse to be committed by their guests, and not labor by good means to amend them, or remove them from the family.

And here of the chief of the family, and their duties, as are general to all.

Now for the most part, the chief of the family are married folk, and so in common, the governors of the house. They are called married folks, because of the band of marriage. Marriage is that joining of one man and one woman together by the covenant of God, that they may be one flesh until they end their life. [Gen. 2:24. Therefore shall man leave his father and his mother, and cleave to his wife, and they shall be one flesh. Leviticus 18:18. Take not one woman to another to vex her, by uncovering the shame of her that is married upon this, in her life. Proverbs 2:17. Which forsakes the guide of her youth, and forgets the covenant of her God. Malachi 2:14. But you say, Therefore? Because the Lord has witnessed between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you do unfaithfully: yet she is your companion and wife covenanted to you. 1 Corinthians 7:30. The wife is bound by the law, as long as her husband lives, but if her husband be dead, she is free to marry to whom she will, only in the Lord. Romans 7:1. Know you not brethren (for I speak to them that know the law) that the law does bear rule over a man as long as he lives? 2. For the woman being subject to the man being alive, is bound by the law: but if her husband be dead, she is delivered from the law of the man. 3. Therefore while the man lives, she shall be called an adulteress, if she become another man's: but if her husband be dead, she is free from the law, that she is not an adulteress, though she become another man's.]

To be one flesh, by a part put for the whole, is that most near and holy society with the power and use of the bodies one of another in purity, whereby the man in an especial manner is become the head of the wife, and the wife another help to the husband likewise. [Gen. 2:28. And the Lord said: It is not good that the man should be alone, I will make him a help meet for him. Proverbs 2:17. Which forsakes the guide of her youth, and forgets the covenant of her God. Matthew 19:9. Therefore they are no more two, but one flesh: That therefore which God has joined together, let no man separate. Ephesians 5:21. Therefore shall man leave father and mother, and shall be joined to his wife, and they which were two, shall become one flesh.] Therefore, in the whole government of the family, the husband is the chief, or fore-governor. The wife is a fellow helper.

To be a fore-governor is, in the whole administration of household government, to be over all persons and matters in the house, and even the wife (1 Timothy 3:5): For if any man knows not how to govern his own house, how shall he care for the Church of God? And to look as the chief owner, to all revenues, and the estate of the good things of this life; especially, to care for the keeping and increasing of it. Diligently know the estate of your herds, etc. (Proverbs 27:23).

To be a fellow helper, is, to yield help to her husband, especially at home, in all the matters of the family. [1 Timothy 5:14. I will therefore, that the younger women marry, and bring forth children, and govern the house, and give no occasion to the adversary, to speak evil. Titus 2:5. That they be temperate, pure, tarrying at home, good, subject to their husbands, least that the word of God be blasphemed. Judges 5:24. Blessed be Jael the wife of Ghebar the Kenite, before all women which abide in the tents. Proverbs 31:5. Who shall find a woman of strength, seeing her price far exceedeth the Carbuncles? 12. She does him good, and not evil, all the days of her life. Genesis 18:6. Therefore Abraham going hastily into the tent to Sarah, said: Make ready at once, three measures of corn, take fine meal, knead it, and make cakes baked under the ashes, &c.]

Contrary to which is, that we keep not authority and chiefdom in all matters: that women usurp any part of it: that they be given to gadding, and to meddle with matters not fit for their labor and travel. 1 Timothy 5. They will go from house, &c. Proverbs 7:11. Her feet dwell not in the house. The duties of married folk in the family, are of two sorts, First, mutual. Then towards others.

Proverbs 31:12, 15. Who shall find a strong woman, when as her price exceedeth the Carbuncles? And rising while it is yet night, she giveth food to her house, and a task to her maids.

Mutual duties, are those which are to be performed one to another of them.

They are Common to both. Proper to each.

[Exodus 21:10. If he shall take another to himself, let him not diminish her food, her clothing, and benevolence due to her. Titus 2:3. Likewise to the old women, that they wear such apparel as may become holiness, not slanderers, not given to much wine, but teachers of honest things. 4. That they may make the young women wise, that they may love their husbands and children. 5. That they may be temperate and chaste, tarrying at home, good, subject to their husbands, that the word of God be not blasphemed.]

Common to both, is that which both owe to each other, and it is dwelling together mutual good proceedings from there.

[1 Corinthians 7:12. If any brother have an unbelieving wife, and she be content to dwell with him, let him not forsake her. 13. And the wife which has an unbelieving husband, which is content to dwell with her, let her not forsake him.]

Dwelling together, is to be ordinarily in a dwelling place, for the better performance of each other mutual duties. [Matthew 1:18. For his mother Mary was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child by the holy Ghost. 1 Corinthians 7:10. And to the married I command, not I, but the Lord: Let not the wife separate herself from her husband. But to the remnant I say, and not the Lord, if any brother have an unbelieving wife, and she be content to dwell with him, let him not forsake her. 13. And the wife which has an unbelieving husband, which is content to dwell with her, let her not forsake him. 1 Peter 3:7. Likewise let the men dwell together, as becometh them that have knowledge, giving honor to the woman's vessel, as to the weaker, that when as you be heirs jointly, of the grace of life, your prayers be not interrupted. Ruth 4:11. To whom all the people that were in the gate, and the Elders said, we are witnesses: the Lord make this woman which shall come into your house, like to Rachel and Leah, which both, did build the house of Israel, and get you the riches of Ephrata, and let the name of Bethlehem be renowned. 12. Let your house be as the house of Peretz whom Thamar bare to Judah, of that seed which the Lord shall give you of this maid.]

Yet the Scripture alloweth upon necessary occasion of warfare, service to the common wealth, church, or necessary affairs of their own, sometimes a long absence. [Deuteronomy 20:7. What man soever has espoused a wife, and yet has not married her, let him go and return to his house, that he die not in this battle, and another man marry her. 8. And let the Governors proceed further to speak to the people: What man is he that is soft and fearful in heart, let him depart and return to his house, that he make not the hearts of his brethren to melt as does his heart. 9. Then when the Governors shall cease to speak to the people, they shall make princes of bands of war, in the heads of the people. 2 Samuel 11:11. And Uriah said to David: The Ark, and Israel, and Judah abide in the tents, and Joab my Lord, and the servants of my Lord, have their Tents in the plain field, and should I enter into mine house to eat and drink, and lie with my wife? As you livest, and as your soul liveth, I will not do this thing. Proverbs 17:19. For mine husband is not at home, he is gone a far journey, at the appointed day he will return again.]

Contrary to this, is the ordinary abuse and negligence of this duty, which bringeth manifold inconveniences.

The mutual good, proceeding from dwelling together, is that which consisteth in a sweet communicating of the persons and goods, for the mutual necessity and consolation one of another. [1 Corinthians 7:3. Let the husband give to the wife due benevolence, and likewise the wife to the husband. 4. The wife has not power over her own body, but the husband: and likewise the husband has not power over his own body, but the wife. 5. Defraud not one another, unless it be by consent for a time, that you may apply yourselves to fasting and prayer, and come together again, least Satan tempt you for your incontinency. It is not good for man to be alone. Genesis 2.]

Here also must be considered, the parts of this duty: first, due benevolence, which is the honorable possession of their vessels in holiness one towards another, for avoiding of sin, bringing forth a seed of God, and the honest and proper delight, which ought to be between the man and the wife. (Hebrews 13:4) Marriage is honorable among all men, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers, and adulterers, God shall condemn. (Malachi 2:14) And you say, therefore? Because the Lord has witnessed between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you do unfaithfully, whereas she is your companion, and joined in covenant to you. (Isaiah 62:7) As when a young man marries a virgin, when your children do marry wives, as in the joy (I say) of the bridegroom with the bride, so shall the Lord rejoice with you. (Genesis 26:8) And it came to pass, when they had been there many days, that Abimileck, king of the Philistims, looked by the window, and saw that, behold, Isaak played with Rebekka his wife, therefore calling Isaak, he said to him: Surely, behold she is your wife. (Proverbs 5:18) Let your fountain be blessed, and rejoice with the wife of your youth. 19. Let her be as the loving hind, and pleasant wild goat: let her breasts satisfy you at all times, and wander in her love continually. 20. And therefore should you wander my son with a strange woman, or embrace the bosom of a stranger?

Contrary to this is, the abuse of their liberty between themselves, communicating that which is proper to the husband, to other, in whoring, dancing, uncomely familiarity with other.

The second is, their mutual help or labor one towards another, in word, deed, and communicating of good things, for the mutual nourishing one of another. (Ephesians 5:29) For no man ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, as Christ also does the Church. (Proverbs 31:28) Her children do rise, and call her blessed, her husband also does praise her, saying: Many women have done stoutly, but you exceed them all.

And these are the common duties of one towards another: the proper do follow: They are duties one of them in several to another.

They are of the husband to the wife. Wife to the husband.

(Ephesians 5:33) But also particularly, every one so love his wife as himself, and let the wife fear her husband. The proper duties of the husband are, a proper care for his wife. The applying of the general duty of all men towards their wives.

(1 Peter 3:7) Likewise let men dwell together with them: giving honor to the woman's vessel, as to the weaker, seeing that you are heirs together of the grace of life, that your prayers be not hindered.

The proper care for the wife is, to cover her, that is, to provide all things meet for a mate so nearly joined in full blessing to him, and thus according to their condition, to give honor to her, as the fittest for him, in heaven and in earth, with a patient covering or bearing of her infirmities. (1 Peter 3:7; Exodus 21) If he shall take another to him, let him not diminish her food, her clothing and benevolence due to her. (Genesis 30:16) And to Sarah he said, Behold, I have given a thousand cicles of silver to your brother: behold, he is the covering of your eyes among all that are with you: Let it be known among all, and be you instructed. (Ruth 3:9) To whom he said: who are you? which said: I am Ruth your handmaid: that you may spread your wing over your handmaid, because you are the kinsman. (Isaiah 3:28) In that day shall seven women take hold of one man, saying: We will eat our own meat, and put on our own clothes: only that we may be called by your name: Take away our reproach.

The applying of the general duty of all men, in regard of care towards his wife, is, when in a special manner, the image of God's glory and wisdom, does shine in the government of the husband towards his wife, and the glory which God has in the same, shines in the honor and glory which the man in all things takes from the wife. (1 Corinthians 11:3) I will that you know, that Christ is the head of every man, and the man the woman's head, and God is Christ's head. 7. For the man ought not to cover his head, because he is the image and glory of God, but the woman is the glory of the man. 8. For the man is not of the woman, but the woman of the man, &c.

Contrary to this is, when men are indiscreet, childish, fond, lose their authority, or keep it not, but also their hardness, bitterness, want of wisdom in framing them to perfection in obedience.

The proper duties of the wife, are, recompense of her husband's care. The applying of that general duty of all women in regard of men, in peculiar manner to him which is called, to have him that covering of her eyes before all men.

The recompense of the husband's care is, by obeying him in all good things, and by her advise, sweet counsel, labor and travail, to be a comfort and help to him. (Proverbs 31:11) The soul of her husband does trust her, and the spoils do not fail. 12. She does him good, and not evil all the days of her life. 13. She seeks wool or flax, and makes it for the pleasure of her husband. 14. She is like to the merchants' ships, she brings meat from far. 17. She girds her loins with strength, and confirms her arms. She tasting her merchandise to be good, her candle is not put out by night. She puts her hands to the wharve, and her maids do hold the spindle. The labor is double: either in matters of this life, or Christian holiness.

(Proverbs 31:26) She opens her mouth wisely, and the doctrine of mercy sits on her tongue. 28. She beholds the ways of her family, and eats not the bread of slothfulness.

The matters of this life are, her labor, in regard of her family, and her own work.

For the family, she must oversee all the ways of them, and both set them work and task, and also give them their meat, and other necessaries in due season. (Proverbs 31:15) And rising while it is yet night, she gives food to her house, and a task to her maids. 16. She considers a field, and takes it, of the fruits of her hands she plants a vineyard. 17. She girds her loins with strength, and confirms her arms. 21. She is not afraid of her household, because of the snow, for all her household is clothed with double cloaks.

Her own work is to labor diligently, early and late, in something of profit for the family (Proverbs 31:13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22).

Her labor for Christian holiness is, to see all duties accomplished at the commandment of her husband; for which Christian watchfulness, proper to a mistress of the house, it requires even to be his eyes, foot and mouth, when he is away: in espying, looking, admonishing, rebuking, and also giving alms to the poor. Proverbs 31:20. She opens the palm of her hand to the poor, and she stretches out her hands to the needy. 26. She opens her mouth wisely, and the doctrine of mercy is set on her tongue.

The second especial duty of the wife, so called by the sign of it, is to be an image of the authority and wisdom of her husband, in her whole administration, and so to be his glory and honor: and from a meek and quiet spirit in all her behavior of words, deeds, apparel, countenance, gesture, etc. to signify plainly, she has a feeling of him in her heart, as of the image of God's majesty, glory, and perfection. Genesis 24:63. (For Isaac had gone forth to pray in a certain field in the evening) and when he lifted up his eyes and beheld, Behold, the camels came. 64. Rebekah also lifting up her eyes, when she saw Isaac, she descended from the camel. 65. For Rebekah saying to the servant, who is that man which walks by the field to meet us? The servant answered, It is my master. And she took a veil, and covered herself. Genesis 20:16. And to Sarah he said: Behold, I have given a thousand shekels of silver to your brother: behold, he is to you a covering of the eyes among all that are with you. 1 Peter 3:6. As Sarah obeyed Abraham, calling him Lord, whose daughters you are made, as long as you do well, even when you are not terrified with any fear.

Where Sarah speaking of her husband but in her heart: the Apostle says, she did as of her Lord. Contrary to this is, the pride and untamed affection of the wife, their uncomely gestures, their hot and chiding answers towards their husbands, their unshamefast and unequal-like looks: finally, whatever is contrary to the former rules.

And here of the duties which are between themselves, now follow the duties towards others. They are double, as they are parents. As they are masters and mistresses.

Colossians 3:21. Fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, lest they be discouraged. Colossians 4:1. You masters, give right and equality to your servants, knowing that you have a master in heaven. Titus 2:4.

The duty of parents must be performed moderately of the father, with great gravity and authority. [Genesis 22:7. And Isaac speaking to Abraham his father, said: My father: which said Behold, here I am my son. Then said Isaac: Behold, here is fire and wood, but where is the small beast for the sacrifice? To whom Abraham said: God shall provide for himself a small beast for the sacrifice my son: when they went both together. Proverbs 4:3. When I was a son with my father, tender, and only beloved before my mother. 4. He teaching me, said to me: Let your mind hold my words, keep my commandments and live. 5. Get wisdom, get understanding, forget not, neither decline from the word of my mouth.] Of a mother, with that cheerful easiness of a mother which keeps her authority. [Proverbs 31:1. The gathering together of the words of Lemuel the king, wherewith his mother had instructed him. 2. What shall I say, my son? What thing, O son of my womb? And what, O son of my desires? 3. Give not your strength to women, and to those that work that kings may be abolished.

The duties are common to both. Proper to each.

Common to both, from the first conception of children, to take care of them, even to the end of their lives, as appears by the parts following.

The special parts of this duty are these.

Which respect their tender age. Their youth.

[Galatians 4:1. This I say, the heir as long as he is a child, differs not from a servant, though he be Lord of all. 2. But is under tutors and governors, until the time appointed of his father.]

The duty in their tender age, is, according to their years and ability, to nurse them up in discipline fit for children, and admonitions of the Lord. [Ephesians 6:4. And you fathers, provoke not your children to wrath, but bring them up in doctrines and admonitions of the Lord. Proverbs 22:6. Instruct your child according to his capacity, yes when he shall be old, it shall not depart from him.]

Discipline fit for children is, when by enticements, allurements, corrections, etc. fit for them, they are framed to good. The giving of the admonitions is, by little and little, by often repetitions, in greatest plainness which may be, to make them understand some chief grounds and seeds of religion, of good manners, and behavior towards all, and so to begin some conscience in them. [Isaiah 28:10. When as there shall be added precept to precept, precept to precept, line to line, line to line, here a little, there a little. 2 Timothy 3:15. That you have learned the holy Scriptures of a child, which are able to make you wise to salvation, which is in Christ Jesus. Hebrews 5:12. For you, which for a time ought to be better learned, have need to be taught again, what are the principles of the word of God, and you are become those, which had need of milk, and not of strong meat. 13. For every one that uses milk, is unexpert of the word of righteousness, for he is a babe. Proverbs 20:11. Let a child make himself known in his works, whether his work be pure and right.]

Contrary to this is, to let them have their will from the beginning: to discourage them by severity: to let the common ignorance of the world be rooted in them, and not in this care, to frame them to truth and goodness, and to prepare them to be apt to receive profit from the public ministry.

Their duty towards them in their youth is, either in the entrance of their youth, or in their ripe age.

Their duty in the entrance of their youth is, according to their gifts and diversity of them, to prepare them to some profitable calling in the Church, by applying them to it, beating into them the gifts and conscientious use of the gifts which is required. [1 Chronicles 28:9. Then also Solomon my son, know the God of your father, and worship him with an undefiled body, and with a careful mind, because God does search all hearts, and does understand every imagination of the thoughts: if you shall seek him, he will be found of you, but if you shall forsake him, he will forsake you for ever. 10. Behold now, seeing the Lord has chosen you to build a house for a sanctuary, be you strong and do it. 11. Then David gave to Solomon the pattern of the porch, and of the houses thereof, and the treasure houses thereof, and of the parlor thereof, and of the inner chambers thereof, and of the place of the mercy-seat. Proverbs 31:1. The gathering together of the words of Lemuel the king, wherein his mother had instructed him. 2. What shall I say my son? What thing O son of my womb? And what, O son of my desires? 3. Give not your strength to women, and to those that work, that kings may be abolished.]

Here the Church may not be deprived for honor, gain, or such fleshly respects of meet ministers.

In their ripe age, their duty is to give their children that which may help them in this life, and also, if they have not the gift of continence, to counsel them, to govern them to a fit and religious wife, such as is fit for the duties afore-named.

[1 Corinthians 12:14. For I seek not yours, but you; for children ought not to gather treasures for their parents, but the parents for the children. Genesis 24:2. Put your hand under my thigh. 3. That I may bind you with an oath by the Lord God of heaven, and the God of the earth, that you will not take a wife to my son, of the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I dwell. 3. But that you will go to my country, and to my kindred, and take a wife to my son Izhak. Ruth 3:1. Afterward Naomi her mother in law, said to her. Should I not seek rest to you, that it may be well with you? So 1 Corinthians 7. &c.]

Contrary to this, is the neglect of their life to come, to make matches, only for carnal respects, suffering them to live wantonly and uncleanly, and not seeking the remedy appointed.

The proper duties of both, is commonly towards them in their infancy. The father's duty is, with all convenient speed that may be, according to the assembly of the congregation, to present the child for the first Sacrament, and there to give a name in the mother tongue, which may have a godly signification, fit for that work.

Contrary to this is, deferring of that work, for trifles or unmeet causes, a giving of a name in another tongue, a profane name. [Genesis 25:25. And the first came forth rough, being all over, as a hairy gown, and they called his name Esau. 26. Afterwards, his brother came forth, whose hand held the heel of Esau; therefore every one called his name Jacob. Luke 1:59. And it was so on the eighth day, they came to circumcise the babe, and called him Zacharias, after the name of his father. 62. Then they made signs to his father, how he would have him called. 63. So he asked for writing tables, and wrote, saying: His name is John: and they marveled all. Genesis 4:25. And after Adam knew his wife, which brought forth a son, and called his name Sheth: For said she: God has laid up for me another seed for Abel, whom Cain slew. Genesis 19:11. Furthermore, the Angel of the Lord said to her: Behold, you are with child, and you shall shortly bear a son, therefore call his name Ishmael, because the Lord considers your affliction. 15. Therefore Hagar brought forth to Abraham a son, and Abraham called the name of the son which Hagar brought forth to him, Ishmael.]

So the Greeks in Greek, as Timothy, the fear of God, [Acts 16. Then came he to Derbe, and to Lystra, and behold, a certain disciple was there, named Timotheus, a woman's son which was a Jewess, but his father was a Grecian.]

And the Latins in Latin, as Tertius, [(Romans 16:22. I Tertius which wrote out this Epistle, salute you in the Lord.)]

The proper duty of the mother is, to nourish it up, if she be able, with her own milk, and to wean it, and perform all such motherly care and duty. [1 Timothy 5:10. If she have nourished her children, if she have lodged strangers, &c. Genesis 21:7. Furthermore, she said: Who would have said to Abraham, Surely Sarah shall give children suck: but I have borne a son in his old age. 8. And the babe grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast, what day Isaac was weaned. 1 Samuel 1:29. So the woman abode that she might nurse her son until she had brought him up. Luke 2:12. And this shall be a sign to you: you shall find the child swaddled and laid in a cratch.]

Contrary to this is, the tenderness of many mothers, that bring on them the threatening of the Prophet willingly, of barren breasts, which should go only with a barren womb.

Hitherto of their duties, as they be parents.

Now follows their duties as they be masters and mistresses, where besides these, common both to children and servants, this is proper in regard of servants; that not only according to justice they pay them their due wages, but also otherwise help them, comfort them, liberally reward them, as far as Christianity, liberality in equality shall bind them.

Contrary to this is, to retain their wages, to exact of them, to oppresse them, or only reward them strictly, according to the exact deserving. Colossians 4:1: You masters, do to your servants that which is just and equal, knowing that you also have a master in heaven. And these are the duties which they must perform in their life time. All which must be shut up with setting order for all things at their death, with especial exhortations and prayers for religion, for uprightness in their callings, for peace and order after them. [Isaiah 38:1. In those days Hezechiah was sick to death: Esaiah the son of Amos the Prophet came, and said to him: so says the Lord, Give precepts to your family, for you shall shortly die, and shall not live. 1 Kings 2:1. And when the days of David drew near, that he should die, he commanded Schelomon his son, saying: 2. I shall shortly depart after the manner of all the world: but be strong and be a man. 3. And keep the ordinances of the Lord your God, by walking in his ways, keeping his statutes, and commandments, and his judgments, and his testimonies, as it is written in the law of Moses: that you may prosper in whatever you shall do, and wherever you shall turn yourself. 4. That the Lord may perform the word which he promised me, saying: If your children shall keep my way, by walking before me in faith from their whole heart, and their whole mind, saying; I say, there shall not be cut off to you a man from the seat of Israel. 5. Moreover, you know what Joab the son of Zerviah has done to me, what he has done to the two Captains of the host of Israel, Abner the son of Ner, and Hamasa the son of Iether, whom he slew; appointing slaughter of war in peace, as he has put the blood of slaughter of war on his girdle, which was about his loins, and in his shoes which were upon his feet. 6. Therefore, do according to your wisdom, neither suffer his white head to go down to the grave in peace. 7. But exercise mercy, towards the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those that eat meat at your table, because likewise they came to me, when I fled from Absolon your brother. 8. To be short, Schimmhi the son of Gera be in your remembrance, which cursed me, with a most bitter curse, what day I went to Machananijm, who descending to meet me, to Jordan; I have sworn to him by the Lord, saying: I will not slay you with the sword. 9. But now discharge not him being guilty, seeing you are a wise man, but know what you shall do to him, that you may bring down his white head to the grave with blood. 10. After David slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David. Genesis 49:30. Then he commanded and charged them, saying; When I shall be gathered to my people, bury me with my fathers, in the cave which is in the field of Hephron the Hittite.]

Here of the first part of householders, which concerns the government of the same by the superiors in it.

Now follows the duty of the inferiors.

The inferiors, are those which are under the rest in the household, and are called of Peter, those of the household, or household fellows. Their duties are towards the household governors, or others.

Titus 1:6. If any be unreproachable, the husband of one wife having faithful children, which are not slandered of riot, neither are disobedient. Toward the household governors, to be helpful to them in outward behavior, and be in subjection and obedience.

Luke 2:51. Then he went down with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject to them.

The first is, by outward behavior to acknowledge their authority, such as shall be prescribed to them, as of cap, leg, manner of speaking.

Contrary to this is, unmannerliness, answering again, giving curt answers, etc. [1 Timothy 6:2. And they which have believing masters, let them not despise them, because they are brethren, but rather do service, because they are faithful and beloved, and partakers of the benefit. Titus 2:9. Let servants be subject to their masters in all things, not answering again. 10. Neither pickers, but that they show all faithfulness, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things. 1 Peter 2:18. Servants be subject to your masters with all fear, not only to the good and courteous, but also to the froward.]

The second duty of obedience is, in all commandments concerning the aforementioned duties, of the superiors towards them, willingly to perform them, and to submit themselves to rebukes, to admonitions, corrections, and such like with meekness. [Proverbs 4:1. Hear, O children, the instruction of the father, and give ear to learn understanding. 2. For I give to you good discipline, forsake not my doctrine. 20. My son, attend to my words, and incline your ear to my speech. Numbers 12:14. And the Lord spoke to Moses: If her father had spit in her face, should she not have been ashamed 7 days.]

The duty to be helpful, is, by their example and persuasions one to another, and by revealing things, which by admonition will not be amended, to be helpful to the superiors in the former duties.

Contrary to this is, evil example, evil persuasions, hiding things which ought to be revealed. [Genesis 37:2. Joseph being 17 years old, fed the flock with his brethren (for he was a child) with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, the wives of their father, and he brought to his father their evil report. Genesis 27:44. And when it had been told to Ribkah all the words of Hesau her eldest son, she sending, called Jacob her youngest son, and said to him, etc.]

The duties towards others, is, among themselves, and towards others besides themselves.

Among themselves, that with peace and quietness, they have their mutual equality, bear one with another, and help one another as far as is lawful. Contrary to which is, unquiet minds, pride, jars, lifting up above others, not keeping the place or difference made by the chief of the family.

Towards others is, that they so order themselves towards all, as they are taught out of the commandments, and towards guests and strangers: rich and poor, high and low, as they are taught out of the fifth commandment: and thus of the common duties of all inferiors of the family, and this is proved by the commandments and sentences going before. [Genesis 45:24. And letting his brethren go, he said to them: be not moved or stirred one against another in the way.]

Inferiors in the family are, children, servants.

Children's duty is, from their beginning to their ending, to be subject, obedient, and helpful to their parents. Contrary to this, is the rejecting of these duties at some years. [Luke 2:51. And he descended with them, and came to Nazareth, and was subject to them. John 19:26. When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the Disciple standing whom he loved, he said to his mother: Woman, behold your son. 1 Kings 2:19. And when Bathsheba came to the king, that she might speak to him for Adonijah, the King rose to meet her, and bowed himself to her; sitting in his throne, he commanded a throne to be placed for the mother of the king, which sat at his right hand. Genesis 47:29. And when the days of Israel drew nigh, that he should die, he sent for his son Joseph, and said to him: If now I have found favor in your eyes, put, I pray you, your hand under my thigh, and exercise this kindness and faith towards me: bury me not in Egypt; but when I shall rest with my fathers, carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their sepulchre: Which said; I will do according to your word. Genesis 49:29. After he willed and commanded them, saying: When I shall be gathered to my people, bury me with my fathers, in that cave which is in the field of Hephron the Hittite. 30. In that cave which is in the field of Macpela, which is on the other side of Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Hephron the Hittite, for a possession to bury in.]

The proper or especial parts of this duty, is, in their proper obedience. Recompense which they must make.

The proper obedience, is that which springs from a cheerful, natural, continual, and childlike love and reverence.

Contrary to this is, disobedience, unnatural behaviors or affections, etc. [2 Timothy 3:2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, covetous, boasters, proud, evil speakers, disobedient to parents, unthankful, profane. Colossians 3:20. Children, hearken to your parents in all things, for this is acceptable to the Lord. Ephesians 6:1. Children, give ear to your parents in the Lord, for that is just.]

This obedience must show itself, especially in being governed by them in the matter of calling, and marriage, according to the rules prescribed in the word of God, and all such matters of weight and moment. Chiefly until by the father's authority and consent, more full power be given to their children, because of their years and discretion. [Numbers 30:4. When a woman has vowed a vow to the Lord, or bound herself by a bond at her father's house in her youth, 5. If when her father hears her vow, or the bond wherewith she has bound herself, and her father hold his peace concerning her, let it be established. 6. But if her father shall make her to break it, in what day he shall hear it, let none of her vows or bonds wherewith she has bound herself be established, and the Lord shall forgive her, because her father has made that she should break it. 1 Corinthians 7:36. But if any man think he have committed some uncomely thing against his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and that it ought to be done, let him do what he will, he sins not. Let them then be joined in marriage. 37. But he which abides firm in heart, neither is driven by necessity, but has his own will in his power, and has decreed this in his heart, that he may keep his virgin, he does well. 38. Therefore he that gives her in marriage does well, but he that gives her not in marriage, does better. Genesis 24:51. Behold, Rebekah is before you, take her and go your way, that she may be a wife to the son of your Lord, as the Lord has spoken.]

Laban the son, having the government of his father being old, was the chief in this business. Genesis 24:55. And the brother of Rebekah, and her mother said, let this maid tarry with us a few days, at the least ten, afterward go your ways. 57. Then they said, let us call the maid, and ask of her mouth.

Their especial recompense is, to relieve and maintain them, or any other, which is knit to them in any especial care and duty, as far as their ability or duty towards the wife, and care of the family will suffer.

Contrary to this is, contempt of your parents, grieving of them, neglecting to help and succor them, etc. [1 Timothy 5:4. But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn, first to show godliness towards their own house, and to recompense their own kindred, for that is an honest thing, and acceptable before God. Matthew 15:4. For God has commanded saying: Honor your father and your mother: and he that curses father or mother, let him die the death. 5. But you say, whoever shall say to father and mother, by the gift that is offered by me, you may have profit. 6. Though he honor not his father or his mother, shall be free; thus have you made the commandment of God of none authority by your traditions. Genesis 47:12. And Joseph nourished his father, and his brethren, and all the household of his father with meat, as putting it into the mouth of the children.]

The especial duty of servants is, to do all things which their master shall, according to God's will, give them in charge. [Colossians 3:22. Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters, according to the flesh, in all things; not with eye-service, as men-pleasers, but in singleness of heart, fearing God. Luke 17:7. Who is it also of you, that having a servant plowing, or feeding cattle, would say to him by and by, when he were come from field, go and sit down at the table. 8. And would not rather say to him, Dress wherewith I may sup, and gird yourself, and serve me till I have eaten and drunken, and after eat you, and drink you. 9. Does he thank that servant, because he did that which was commanded him? I trow not.]

Contrary to which is, that some will do one thing only at this time, and which pleases him.

The manner of doing this, has two parts, diligence. Faithfulness.

Titus 2:9. Let servants be subject to their masters, and please them in all things, not answering again: neither pickers, but that they show all good faithfulness, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things.

Their diligence is in a single heart, as to the Lord, not only by labor and travel, but prayer, religious care, and all good means to perform the things laid on them.

Contrary to this is eye-service. [Col. 3:22. Servants be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh in all things, not with eye-service, as men-pleasers, but with singleness of heart, fearing God. 23. And whatever you do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not to men. Ephesians 6:5. Servants, be obedient to them which are your masters, according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your hearts, as to Christ. 6. Not with service to the eye, as men-pleasers, but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. 7. With good will, serving the Lord and not men. Genesis 24:9. Therefore, the servant putting his hand under his thigh, swore to him concerning this matter. 10. Afterward, the servant took ten camels, of the camels of his master, that he might go on his journey: (for he had all the goods of his master in his hand) and rising, he went to Syria between the rivers, to the city of Nachor. 11. Where, causing the camels to rest without the city, beside a well of water, in the evening, at what time the woman came forth to draw. 12. And he said: O Lord God of my master Abraham, bring to pass I pray you, that it may come to pass to me this day, and show this mercy to my master Abraham. 26. And he inclined his face to the ground, and bowed himself to the Lord, saying: Blessed be the Lord of my master Abraham, which has not left his mercy and faithfulness towards my master.]

His diligence also appeared greatly, when he said: I will not eat till I have spoken my words, or matter (ver. 33), and in making speed he said: Stay me not, seeing the Lord has prospered my way. Send me back that I may go to my Lord, &c.

Faithfulness in their labor and charges, to seek the uttermost they can, the commodity and benefit of their masters. Contrary to which is picking, turning another way, in banqueting, feasting, riot, &c.

This appears most lively in the description which Jacob does make of his faithful service to Laban. This is the twentieth year since I have been with you, your sheep and your goats have not left their young, and the rams of your flock have I not eaten. The torn I brought to you, but made it good myself, at my hand you did require it. Likewise, the stolen by day, and the stolen by night. I was about my work when the heat consumed me by day, and the frost by night, and sleep departed from my eyes (Genesis 31:38–40).

And thus much for the order of household, which is prescribed by the word of God.